Extensions and alterations of Freud’s Theory

n cultural and social determinants of behavior

n extension of development across the lifespan

n the importance of conscious thoughts

· focus on goals and strivings

n Emphasis and elaboration of normal development

n More positive views of human nature

Basic human drives/needs

n equilibrium

n superiority/power

n identity

n Safety

n Satisfaction

n interpersonal relatedness

Important concepts from Adler

n Inferiority complex

n Striving for superiority

n striving through social interest

n importance of parental interactions

n birth order

n pampering

n neglect

Key concepts from Jung

n Collective unconscious

n Archetypes

n Persona

n Shadow

n anima and animus

n hero and demon

n mother

n Psychological attitudes

n introvert – extravert

n psychic functions

n sensation

n thinking

n feeling

n intuition

Erikson’s stages and “virtues”

n Basic trust vs. mistrust

n Hope

n Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

n Willpower

n Initiative vs. guilt

n Purpose

n Industry vs. inferiority

n Competence

n Identity vs. role confusion

n Fidelity

n Intimacy vs. isolation

n Love

n Generativity vs. stagnation

n Care

n Ego integrity vs. despair

n Wisdom

Key concepts from Horney

n Alternative perspectives of penis envy

n male projection

n sociological/cultural

n Basic anxiety

n Coping responses

n moving away

n moving toward

n moving against

Key concepts from Sullivan

n personifications: mental images we have of ourselves and other people

n Good-me

n Bad-me

n Not-me

n need for interpersonal connection

Key Concepts from Fromm

n anxiety is associated with freedom, individuality, powerlessness

n Ways of overcoming anxiety

n authoritarianism

n destructiveness

n automaton conformity

n individuation - personal feeling of uniqueness and differentiation from the norm

n deindividuation - decreased awareness of ourselves

n Positive freedom - appreciating and acting like our real selves