Cognitive Perspectives on Freudian Concepts

n Transference

n Cues cognitive representation

n “resemble person” study

n Affects memory, feelings, and actions

n Repression

n Low self-report of anxiety

n Physiological and behavioral anxiety

n Recall fewer unpleasant experiences

n Fewer associations across emotions

Gender Schema Theory

n Sex-typed – interpret through gender schema

n cluster words according to gender

n respond more quickly to schema-consistent words

n Inconsistent findings

Gender differences in cognitive styles

n Women recall more personal events than men

n Men recall more impersonal events

n Women process information about emotion

n Women have interdependent self-construals, men have independent self-construals

Depressive Schema

n Recall biases for depressive words

n Recall more negative memories, more quickly

n Selectively attend to negative information

Attributional model of learned helplessness

n Three dimensions

n internal-external

n stable-unstable

n global-specific

n stable attributional/explanatory style

n stable, global attribution of negative events predict depression

n Cultural variability

Covariation bias for threat

n Preparedness theory of phobias

n Covariation bias

n Perceive covariation between shock and snake, not shock and flower

n Phobias may stem from tendency to associate threat with certain stimuli